{"id":242644,"date":"2023-05-15T16:40:06","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T08:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/?p=242644"},"modified":"2025-10-10T16:19:56","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T08:19:56","slug":"transport-in-plants-why-do-farmers-remove-the-food-carrying-tubes-of-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/transport-in-plants-why-do-farmers-remove-the-food-carrying-tubes-of-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"Transport In Plants: Why Do Farmers Remove The Food-Carrying Tubes Of Plants?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Do you like to eat grapes? \ud83c\udf47<\/p>\n<p>If your answer is \u201cyes\u201d, I am sure you would have noticed that some of the grapes that you have eaten are bigger and juicier than usual, just like the ones shown below.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 19px; text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Transport-in-Plants_1.png\" width=\"831\" height=\"236\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Have you then wondered how some farmers are able to attain fruits that are bigger and juicier than usual? \ud83e\udd14 I shall briefly share with you the various methods that can be used to attain bigger and juicier fruits.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Method #1: Pruning<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Transport-in-Plants_2-01-1024x572.png\" width=\"557\" height=\"311\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pruning is the removal or reduction of plant parts (branches, buds, withered flowers etc) that are detrimental to the development of the plant. Doing so helps to improve fruit size and quality.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Method #2: Genetic Modification<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Transport-in-Plants_2-02.png\" width=\"566\" height=\"438\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Genetic modification is the process of identifying the genetic information that allows for the production of bigger fruits. Once identified, that genetic information will be inserted into other plants for them to produce bigger fruits.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Method #3: Girdling<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Transport-in-Plants_2-03.png\" width=\"571\" height=\"420\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Girdling is the process where <strong>only<\/strong> the <strong>food-carrying tubes <\/strong>are removed around the entire circumference of the stem of a plant. Doing so can also allow bigger fruits to be produced.<\/p>\n<p>Most of you might not be familiar with methods #1 and #2 above (pruning and genetic modification) as they are not in the primary school Science syllabus.<\/p>\n<p>As for method #3 above, you might not have seen the term \u201cgirdling\u201d in your school examination papers. However, most of you should have come across school examination questions that require you to explain what happens to the plant when <strong>only<\/strong> the <strong>food-carrying tubes<\/strong> are removed (which is essentially the process of girdling)!<\/p>\n<p>So, what happens to the plant after the process of girdling? Let us have a closer look at 2 questions from the <strong>2018 Red Swastika School (RSS) P5 CA1<\/strong> and <strong>2016 Rosyth School (ROSYTH) P5 CA1 Examination Papers<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"read-also\">\n<h3>Read Also:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/how-food-moves-in-different-stages-of-the-plant-cycle\/\"><b>How Food Moves In Different Stages Of The Plant Cycle<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/rosyth-school-2017-p5-sa2-exam-paper-analysis\/\">2017 Rosyth School (ROSYTH) P5 SA2 Examination Paper Analysis<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2><strong>Let&#8217;s Take A Look At This Question<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 19px; text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Transport-in-Plants_3-01-1024x781.png\" width=\"752\" height=\"573\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Source: Red Swastika School (RSS) \u2013 2018 P5 CA1 Examination Paper [Q31]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In order to explain <strong>what happens to the plant<\/strong> when the <strong>water-carrying tubes and\/or food-carrying tubes were removed\/were still intact<\/strong> (just like the question above), you will only need to follow 3 simple steps to craft a complete answer.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\ud83e\udd45 3 Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3 What tubes were removed\/were still intact?<br \/>2\ufe0f\u20e3 What substance cannot be transported\/can still be transported?<br \/>3\ufe0f\u20e3 Explain the outcome.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Using the 3 steps above, let us try and answer the question:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201c<strong>Explain<\/strong> why the <strong>swelling<\/strong> occurred at <strong>position A<\/strong> of the stem.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Thought Process<\/h2>\n<p>Since this question has already mentioned the <strong>outcome<\/strong> that <strong>swelling<\/strong> occurred at <strong>position A<\/strong> of the stem, let us work <strong>backwards<\/strong> by first explaining the reason for the outcome of swelling (step 3), before clarifying what substances could not be transported (step 2), and then finally identifying what tubes were removed\/were still intact (step 1).<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Step 3: Explain the outcome <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cWhy does <strong>swelling<\/strong> of an object take place?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Swelling takes place due to an <strong>accumulation<\/strong> of substances inside the object, just like how the balloon starts <strong>swelling up<\/strong> when more air is blown and <strong>accumulated<\/strong> inside it!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cFor swelling to occur at position A of the stem, what substance <\/em><em>do you think was accumulated at position A of the stem?\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Should it be food or water? If your answer is <strong>food<\/strong>, you are <strong>correct<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<p>Answer: <strong>Food<\/strong> was <strong>accumulated<\/strong> at position A of the stem, causing it to <strong>swell<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Step 2: What substance cannot be transported\/can still be transported?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cSince <strong>food<\/strong> was the substance <strong>accumulated<\/strong> at position A of the stem, <\/em><em>what should be the substance that <strong>cannot be<\/strong> transported past the cut?\u201d<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Food <\/strong>made by the leaves during photosynthesis must be the substance that <strong>cannot be transported<\/strong> past the cut.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cSince food was accumulated <strong>above<\/strong> the cut (position A), <\/em><em>did the food come from the leaves <strong>above or below<\/strong> the cut?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The food should have come from the leaves that are <strong>above<\/strong> the cut, where the food cannot be transported past the cut <strong>down<\/strong> to the roots and will accumulate at position A of the stem.<\/p>\n<p>Answer: <strong>Food made by the leaves<\/strong> above the cut during photosynthesis could not be transported past the cut <strong>down<\/strong> to the roots.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Step 1: What tubes were removed\/were still intact?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u201c<em>Since we have identified from step 2 above that <strong>food<\/strong> made by the leaves <strong>cannot be transported<\/strong> past the cut, which tubes <strong>must<\/strong> have been <strong>removed<\/strong>? Were the food-carrying tubes or the water-carrying tubes removed?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The <strong>food<\/strong>-carrying tubes <strong>must<\/strong> have been <strong>removed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u201c<em>How about the water-carrying tubes then? Were they removed at the cut?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Once again, from step 2 above, since we have identified that the <strong>leaves<\/strong> above the cut were <strong>able to make food<\/strong>, should the leaves above the cut be able to receive water from the roots? The answer is \u201cyes\u201d since water is needed for the leaves to make food.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u201c<em>Since <strong>water<\/strong> absorbed by the roots could still be <strong>transported<\/strong> <\/em><em>upwards <strong>past the cut <\/strong>to the leaves above the cut to make food, <\/em><em>were the water-carrying tubes removed\/intact?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The water-carrying tubes must still be intact and only the food-carrying tubes were removed.<\/p>\n<p>Answer: Only the <strong>food-carrying tubes<\/strong> were removed at the cut.<em><br \/><\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\ud83c\udf8b <strong>Tip<\/strong>: Whenever swelling occurs, it\u2019s <strong>only<\/strong> the food-carrying tubes that would have been removed.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>If we put all the above 3 steps together, this is what our answer will look like:<\/p>\n<h2>Suggested Answer<\/h2>\n<p>Only the food-carrying tubes were removed at the cut (step 1). Food made by the leaves during photosynthesis above the cut could not be transported past the cut down to the roots (step 2). Thus, food will be accumulated at position A, causing that part to swell (step 3).<\/p>\n<p>At this point, I know what some of you must be thinking:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cWhy would anyone remove the food-carrying tubes of a plant?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>As mentioned at the start of the blog post, it is common for farmers to carry out the process of girdling, where <strong>only<\/strong> the <strong>food-carrying tubes<\/strong> are <strong>removed<\/strong> to obtain <strong>bigger<\/strong> fruits.<\/p>\n<p>However, the <strong>MOST IMPORTANT<\/strong> question is:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>\u201cHow does removing only the food-carrying tubes <\/strong><strong>lead to bigger fruits?\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>To answer the above question, let us look at another question.<\/p>\n<h2>Moving On To Another Question<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Transport-in-Plants_3-02-1024x900.png\" width=\"778\" height=\"684\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Source: Rosyth School (ROSYTH) \u2013 2016 P5 CA1 Examination Paper [Q18]<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Thought Process<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><em>The key information from the question is:<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cThe <strong>food<\/strong>-carrying tubes at part X were <strong>removed<\/strong>.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>As a result, what tubes are still <strong>intact<\/strong> at part X?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: <strong>Water-carrying tubes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Since the water-carrying tubes are still intact at part X, can the water absorbed by the roots still be transported past the cut to the leaves at part A (refer to the picture below)?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Transport-in-Plants_3-03-1024x487.png\" width=\"712\" height=\"338\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Definitely. As a result, are the leaves at part A <strong>still able to receive water for photosynthesis to make food<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p>Answer:<strong> Yes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>However, here comes the important question that we have to clarify:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cCan the <strong>food made by the leaves<\/strong> at part A during photosynthesis <\/em><em>be <strong>transported<\/strong> past part X downwards <strong>to the roots?<\/strong>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Since the food-carrying tubes were removed at part X&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Answer:<strong> No<\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cIf the food made by the leaves at part A can no longer be transported <\/em><em>to the roots, where will they be transported to instead?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The food made by the leaves at part A that was <strong>supposed<\/strong> to be transported <strong>to the roots<\/strong> would be transported <strong>to the fruits<\/strong> to be stored <strong>instead<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Answer: To the <strong>fruits<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cAs a result, after the food-carrying tubes are removed at part X, will there be more food or less food transported to the fruits to be stored?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Answer: <strong>More<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201cAnd since there is more food stored in the fruits, <\/em><em>are we going to obtain bigger fruits or smaller fruits?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Answer: <strong>Bigger<\/strong> fruits<\/p>\n<p>Based on the thought process above, we can follow the same 3 steps introduced at the start of the blog post to craft our answer.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\ud83e\udd45 3 Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3 What tubes were removed\/were still intact?<br \/>2\ufe0f\u20e3 What substance cannot be transported\/can still be transported?<br \/>3\ufe0f\u20e3 Explain the outcome.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Suggested Answer<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Transport-in-Plants_4-01.png\" width=\"521\" height=\"335\" \/><\/p>\n<p>At part X, only the food-carrying tubes were removed (step 1). Food made by the leaves during photosynthesis cannot be transported past the cut down to the roots (step 2). Thus, more food will be transported to the fruits to be stored, causing the fruits to become bigger (step 3).<\/p>\n<p>With the suggested answer above, I hope I have clarified how the method of <strong>girdling<\/strong> (removing <strong>only<\/strong> the food-carrying tubes) helps the farmers to attain <strong>bigger fruits<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<p>However, I would now like all of you to put on your thinking caps to answer a bonus question with regard to the same scenario:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Transport-in-Plants_5.png\" width=\"625\" height=\"274\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Bonus Question<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Since we have discussed that the food made by the leaves at part A (refer to the diagram above) cannot be transported to the roots, will the roots die in the <strong>long run<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/thepiquelab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Transport-in-Plants_6.png\" width=\"648\" height=\"266\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Notice that other than the leaves at part A, there are <strong>also leaves at part B<\/strong>. Referring to the diagram above, just beside the leaves at part B, were there any tubes of the stem removed? No.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, are the leaves at part B able to receive water to make food? Yes. Can the food made by the leaves at part B be transported down to the roots as well? Definitely. As such, will the roots still be able to receive food? Yes!<\/p>\n<p>Since the roots can still receive food from the leaves at part B for respiration to release energy, can the roots still survive <strong>in the long run<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p>Answer: The roots can still <strong>survive<\/strong> in the <strong>long run<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>After reading this article, I hope that you have gained more confidence to tackle application questions related to the removal of food-carrying tubes.<\/p>\n<p>Do remember to follow the 3 steps below if you are required to explain the outcome for the plant after:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Only the food<\/strong>-carrying tubes were removed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>OR<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Both<\/strong> the food-carrying tubes and water-carrying tubes are removed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>\ud83e\udd45 3 Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3 What tubes were removed\/were still intact?<br \/>2\ufe0f\u20e3 What substance cannot be transported\/can still be transported?<br \/>3\ufe0f\u20e3 Explain the outcome.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Stay tuned for our upcoming articles on how to tackle other Science questions!<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;Practice Problem&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<html><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <head><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <title>Quiz about Transport in Plants<\/title><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    <script type=\"application\/ld+json\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->    {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\/\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"@type\": \"Quiz\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"name\": \"Quiz about Transport in Plants\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->      \"hasPart\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"typicalAgeRange\": \"9-12\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"educationalAlignment\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"AlignmentObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"alignmentType\": \"educationalLevel\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"targetName\": \"Primary School Science\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"about\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Thing\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"name\": \"Water transport in plants\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"eduQuestionType\": \"Multiple choice\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"learningResourceType\": \"Practice problem\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"name\": \"Water transport in plants\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"text\": \"The water-carrying tubes transport water and mineral salts from the roots _______ to all parts of the plant.\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"suggestedAnswer\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 0,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Upwards\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 1,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Downwards\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 2,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Upwards and downwards\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"position\": 0,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"text\": \"Upwards\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"answerExplanation\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Comment\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"The water-carrying tubes transport water in only one direction, which is upwards.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"typicalAgeRange\": \"9-12\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"educationalAlignment\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"AlignmentObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"alignmentType\": \"educationalLevel\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"targetName\": \"Primary School Science\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"about\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Thing\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"name\": \"Gaseous exchange in plants\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"eduQuestionType\": \"Multiple choice\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"learningResourceType\": \"Practice problem\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"name\": \"Gaseous exchange in plants\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"text\": \"Gaseous exchange takes place at the ______.\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"suggestedAnswer\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 0,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Stomata\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 1,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Water-carrying tube\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 2,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Food-carrying tube\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 3,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Stem\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"position\": 0,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"text\": \"Stomata\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"answerExplanation\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Comment\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"The exchange of gases takes place at the stomata found on the leaves.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"typicalAgeRange\": \"9-12\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"educationalAlignment\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"AlignmentObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"alignmentType\": \"educationalLevel\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"targetName\": \"Primary School Science\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"about\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Thing\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"name\": \"Food transport in plants\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"eduQuestionType\": \"Multiple choice\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"learningResourceType\": \"Practice problem\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"name\": \"Food transport in plants\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"text\": \"The food-carrying tubes transport food from the leaves _______ to all parts of the plant.\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"suggestedAnswer\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 0,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Upwards\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 1,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Downwards\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 2,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Upwards and downwards\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"position\": 2,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"text\": \"Upwards and downwards\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"answerExplanation\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Comment\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"The food-carrying tubes transport food in two directions, both upwards and downwards.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"typicalAgeRange\": \"9-12\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"educationalAlignment\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"AlignmentObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"alignmentType\": \"educationalLevel\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"targetName\": \"Primary School Science\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"about\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Thing\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"name\": \"Photosynthesis in plants\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"eduQuestionType\": \"Multiple choice\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"learningResourceType\": \"Practice problem\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"name\": \"Photosynthesis in plants\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"text\": \"Photosynthesis takes place in the ______.\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"suggestedAnswer\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 0,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Stem\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 1,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Roots\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 2,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Flower\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 3,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Leaves\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"position\": 3,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"text\": \"Leaves\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"answerExplanation\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Comment\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves, where chloroplasts containing chlorophyll trap sunlight to make food.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"@type\": \"Question\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"typicalAgeRange\": \"9-12\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"educationalAlignment\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"AlignmentObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"alignmentType\": \"educationalLevel\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"targetName\": \"Primary School Science\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"about\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Thing\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"name\": \"Functions of plant roots\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"eduQuestionType\": \"Multiple choice\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"learningResourceType\": \"Practice problem\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"name\": \"Functions of plant roots\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"text\": \"Which of the following functions is performed by the roots?\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"suggestedAnswer\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 0,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Absorb water and mineral salts from the soil\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 1,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Trap sunlight during photosynthesis to make food\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"position\": 2,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"Transport water, mineral salts, and food to all parts of the plant\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->          \"acceptedAnswer\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"@type\": \"Answer\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"position\": 0,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"text\": \"Absorb water and mineral salts from the soil\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->            \"answerExplanation\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"@type\": \"Comment\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->              \"text\": \"The roots absorb 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